PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2008 2009
ACTIVITY HAS BEEN MODIFIED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) will ensure that all activities
relating to pregnant women and HIV will address issues relating to sexually transmitted infections, TB
screening, treatment and referral, family planning, antiretroviral services, counseling and testing, and
ensuring that exposed infants are tested for HIV.
Owing to changes at the Department of Correctional Facilities as well as a change in emphasis in
programming by JHU/CCP, it is not foreseen that any activities will take place with the Department of
Correctional Services in FY 2009.
ACTIVITY 1: The Turntable Trust
The Turntable Trust (TTT) is based in KwaZulu-Natal in the Sisonke District. TTT works with clinical staff,
peer educators and community outreach workers to reach community members in schools, at workplaces,
including farms, at the TTT youth drop-in center, at health facilities and at community gatherings. TTT will
target pregnant women and their partners through household visits, community mobilization to educate
pregnant women and their partners on PMTCT, sexually transmitted infections; TB screening, family
planning and to refer them to local health facilities to get tested and to access PMTCT and related services.
ACTIVITY 2: Mass Media
JHU/CCP has initiated the Scrutinize Campaign together with Matchboxology, and new partners Mediology
and CellLife, that will encourage young South African men and women aged 18 -32 to take action to prevent
mother-to0child transmission and safe feeding practices.
CellLife will support the mass media outreach of all communication partners in South Africa with free short
message service technology to encourage pregnant women to be tested for HIV.
In FY 2009, a new campaign will be created, targeting adult men on HIV prevention, and using male
celebrities (including footballers, to capitalize on the 2010 Football World Cup) that will address male
involvement in pregnancy. This campaign will bring together organizations working on men and HIV in
South Africa to launch a concerted national effort to address the sexual behaviors that place men and their
partners at risk of HIV infection. Behaviors that will be addressed include multiple and concurrent partners,
correct and consistent condom usage, alcohol, sex and HIV, counseling and testing, male wellness, male
sexually transmitted infections, family planning and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
Trailblazers, which was co-produced with the SABC, has been fully absorbed into the programming of
SABC Education, which will enable these resources to be directed to the further development of the Circles
Drama Series, the Scrutinize Campaign and the new campaign to be initiated in FY 2008 targeting adult
men.
ACTIVITY 3: Advocacy
JHU/CCP has formed a strategic partnership with Health-e to support in-depth media reporting on the key
drivers of the epidemic in South Africa, including PMTCT.
----------------------------------
SUMMARY:
Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP), coordinates the work of 20
South African partners, provides technical assistance and capacity building to prevent HIV and AIDS
through a comprehensive HIV prevention program that addresses risky behaviors and the key drivers of the
epidemic in the general population through mass media and social mobilization. The target populations are:
youth, adults, people living with HIV (PLHIV), religious leaders, teachers, public health workers, and
community, faith-based and non-governmental organizations. Eleven partners working across South Africa
will support efforts to mobilize pregnant women and their male partners in support of PMTCT. Two mass
media programs are utilized to highlight themes relating to PMTCT guided by the findings of the 2006 South
African HIV/AIDS Communication Survey that found that 87% of all South Africans were reached with
messages dedicated to HIV prevention and living with HIV and AIDS by means of television and radio
programs.
BACKGROUND:
This is the first year that JHU/CCP is undertaking strategies using community-based mobilization and mass
media in support of PMTCT programs. Our approach recognizes the need to educate pregnant women and
their male partners (and discordant couples) concerning their right to PMTCT prior to delivery so that they
can make the best decision regarding their own sexual behaviors, know their HIV status, have access to
PMTCT services and understand the need for safe feeding practices that will reduce the risk of their
newborn from getting HIV. Through ensuring that women are counseled in advance of their rights to access
PMTCT services upholds the constitutional rights of women and their to access PMTCT services. The
evidence-based strategic message design identifies key theoretical and practical factors that influence
behavior, reinforcing the positive and minimizing the negative. Each activity below is designed to enhance
critical and creative thinking, contribute to changes in social norms, create social networks that support
individual change, build skills and improve decision-making. Eleven of the twenty South African partners will
incorporate social mobilization for PMTCT into their community mobilization and mass media activities.
ACTVITIES AND EXPECTED RESULTS:
ACTIVITY1: Community Mobilization
Activity Narrative: DramAidE places Health Promoters (HPs) living with HIV in 23 of the country's higher learning institutions.
The HPs use campus events to educate young female students and their male partners on PMTCT, to
undergo voluntary counseling and testing, and referrals to appropriate services on or in the vicinity of
tertiary institutions.
Mindset Health (MH), Health Workers Channel is located in more than 400 public clinics. It produces and
disseminates training materials for Health Care Workers that is expanded upon through an interactive web-
based training program. Its Public Health Channel sensitizes audiences through facilitated discussions
within public health centers on issues relating to PMTCT and encourages pregnant women to be tested for
HIV, obtain antiretrovirals for PMTCT and safe feeding practices. Mindset Health, a partnership between
Mindset Network, the Department of Health and Sentech, operates under the umbrella body of Mindset
Network, which is funded through a number of public-private partnerships, such as Standard Bank, Liberty
Life as well the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
The Community Health Media Trust (CHMT) is increasing the number of Treatment Literacy and Prevention
Practitioners (TLPPs) to 92 (72 funded by PEPFAR and 20 by the National Department of Health (NDOH))
who work in health centers serviced by MH in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State
and Gauteng, to facilitate discussions with patients in general waiting rooms, prevention of mother-to-child
transmission (PMTCT), Antenatal (ANCs) and ART Clinics on PMTCT. In addition, these outreach workers
work with CBOs and support groups of people living with HIV to increase awareness of PMTCT.
Lesedi Lechabile and Mothusimpilo, who work with mobile populations in the mining areas of the Free State
and the North West, train their peer educators and clinical staff working in their mobile clinics to sensitize
pregnant women, their male partners and women engaging in transactional sex and those engaging in sex
work in areas surrounding the mines to be tested for HIV so that they can know their HIV status, access
PMTCT services and receive education on safe feeding practices.
The Valley Trust, working in rural KwaZulu-Natal, trains its peer educators and clinical staff in their mobile
clinics to encourage pregnant women to be tested for HIV, access PMTCT services and obtain information
on safe feeding practices. It also utilizes community events and activities to mobilize pregnant women and
their male partners around knowing their status, PMTCT and use safe feeding practices.
Lighthouse Foundation trains its peer educators and community facilitators to work in the 13 informal
settlements in the Madibeng District of the North West province to incorporate PMTCT into their community
outreach comprising door to door campaigns, HIV support group and men's support group in order to
mobilize pregnant women and their male partners to know their HIV status, be referred to PMTCT services
and educated on safe feeding practices.
LifeLine South Africa expands its innovative workplace approach from one informal settlement/rural area in
Gauteng and Limpopo provinces to include an informal settlement in the Free State, Northern Cape, and
Mpumalanga. This program works with management and employees in small and medium enterprises to
develop a comprehensive program that trains peer educators (PEs). As part of its workplace-based program
LifeLine provides pregnant women within these workplaces with counseling and testing so that they may be
referred for PMTCT services, while sensitizing male workers on PMTCT so that they can support their
partners. LifeLine works in partnership with the Small Business Associations and with the Farm Owners
Associations in the areas that they operate in.
The Department of Correctional Services, a PEPFAR partner, trains master trainers from the Department
that will train offenders within correctional facilities to provide peer education using the TshaTsha series to
promote HIV prevention. In male and female correctional facilities knowledge of HIV status and PMTCT are
addressed as key topics so that offenders can make appropriate decisions upon their release and
reintegration into society.
ACTIVITY 2: Mass media in support of Community Mobilization
ABC Ulwazi produces a radio talk show series tailored to 60 different community radio stations. Special
emphasis is on male norms and behaviors, partner reduction, and on PMTCT. Each episode will end with a
summary and clear messages on the topic discussed. Listeners' associations formed by local citizens have
facilitators' guides to carry out community outreach interventions related to the series themes.
JHU in a public-private partnership with the South African Broadcasting Corporation co-funds two TV
programs, nine local language radio programs and web support. Trailblazers, a community health show,
broadcasts 13 episodes highlighting individuals that provide models of positive behaviors for others to
emulate. A second season of the 26 episode TV drama (tentatively called Circles) deals with contextual
issues relating to social and cultural norms that inhibit and/or support positive male norms and behaviors,
including addressing the theme of male involvement in relation to PMTCT. Radio talk shows follow both
programs, providing additional information and stimulating community participation.
JHU/CCP contributes towards meeting PEPFAR goals by building the capacity of individuals and the social
networks through awareness, education and human support within the public health care system to support
pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The results expected include: (1)
Contributing towards increasing the number of pregnant women accessing PMTCT services from the
current 17%; (2) Ensuring that greater numbers of pregnant women are aware of their HIV status and
enrolled into the national PMTCT program; (3) ART for treatment eligible pregnant women; (4) Essential
care for women and children in need of PMTCT; and (5) Safe feeding and nutritional practices. This
contributes to the goal of the National Strategic Plan for South Africa 2007 - 2011 by ensuring that 80% of
people living with HIV and their families have access to an appropriate package of treatment, care and
support services by 2011 through focusing on pregnant women and the wellness management of people
before they become eligible for ART.
New/Continuing Activity: Continuing Activity
Continuing Activity: 13965
Continued Associated Activity Information
Activity Activity ID USG Agency Prime Partner Mechanism Mechanism ID Mechanism Planned Funds
System ID System ID
13965 13965.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $970,000
International University Center
Development for Communication
Programs
Emphasis Areas
Gender
* Addressing male norms and behaviors
* Increasing gender equity in HIV/AIDS programs
* Increasing women's legal rights
* Reducing violence and coercion
Health-related Wraparound Programs
* Safe Motherhood
Workplace Programs
Human Capacity Development
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $80,000
Public Health Evaluation
Food and Nutrition: Policy, Tools, and Service Delivery
Food and Nutrition: Commodities
Economic Strengthening
Education
Water
Table 3.3.01:
Focus Areas: In COP 2008, emphasis was placed on working with young women aged 15 - 24, however,
research has indicated the need to focus on young people (men and women) as a target audience. Johns
Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) will shift the focus audience to 18 - 32
year olds who have a high incidence of HIV infections, thus indicating the need for a focused intervention
emphasizing partner limitation. The shift to focus on young people recognizes that the norms and attitudes
that may place young men at risk of infection in later lives must be raised among the youth to influence
these norms and values as early as possible.
Interpersonal Communication: Turntable Trust works in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal, targeting youth 15
- 24, young people 18 - 32 and adult men with activities that promote male norms and values in relation to
delay of sexual debut and partner reduction.
Correctional Services: Activities with the Department of Correctional Services will not be continued in FY
2009, due to changes in departmental staff, and a change in JHU's programming focus.
Mass Media: JHU has initiated the Scrutinize Campaign together with Matchboxology, and its new partners,
Mediology and CellLife. The campaign aims to encourage young South Africans 18 -32 to assess their risk
of HIV infection and to encourage delaying sexual debut and partner reduction. Scrutinize utilizes a variety
of mass media tools, including the outdoor media and cellular technology. CellLife will support the mass
media outreach of all communication partners in South Africa with free SMS technology to address multiple
concurrent partners, male norms and behaviors. In FY 2009, JHU will scale up a new campaign targeting
adult men by using male celebrities, including footballers. This campaign would include prevention
messages, and aims to capitalize on the 2010 Football World Cup that will be held in South Africa.
Trailblazers, which was co-produced with the South African Broadcasting Service (SABC), has been fully
absorbed into the programming of SABC Education. Resources originally used for this activity will be re-
directed to the further development of the Circles Drama Series, the Scrutinize Campaign and the new
campaign targeting adult men.
Advocacy: JHU has formed a strategic partnership with Health-e (a news agency that produces news and in
-depth analysis for the print and electronic media) to support in-depth media reporting on the key drivers of
the epidemic in South Africa including multiple and concurrent partners, delaying sexual debut and HIV. The
University of the Witwatersrand's HIV and the Media Project will mobilize editors and journalists to focus on
the key drivers of the epidemic, particularly targeting men, male behavior and multiple and concurrent
partners.
-----------------
SUMMARY: Over the next four years Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs
(JHU/CCP) and its 20 South African (SA) partners will combine mass media with interpersonal community
mobilization to bring about heightened awareness of risk of HIV infection among general population to
address sexual partnerships and behaviors placing them at risk of HIV infection. With young people under
14, emphasis will be on abstinence ("A") and delaying sexual debut (DSD). With people over 14 main focus
will be on younger girls and women aged 15-24 and men aged 25-49 and emphasis will be on faithfulness
("B"). "B" messages focus on heightening perceptions of risk to HIV infection owing to sexual partnerships
and behaviors people engage in placing them at risk of HIV infection, namely: multiple and concurrent
partners (MCP), intergenerational/transactional sex (ITS), casual sex, violence and coercion, linkage
between alcohol and substance abuse and HIV, stigma and discrimination (SD). The target populations are
youth, people living with HIV (PLHIV), religious leaders, teachers and adults which will include the public
health workers, and community, faith-based and non-governmental organizations. The emphasis areas are
gender, human capacity development, strategic information, and work place programs.
BACKGROUND:JHU/CCP AB prevention initiatives are in their fifth year. Over the next four years all
partners will prioritize interventions to focus on men aged 25-49 and young girls and women aged 15-24,
while addressing social norms and values among youth below age 15. Interventions will impact on key
drivers of the epidemic and perception of risk in relation to sexual partnerships and behaviors including
MCP, ITS and incorrect and inconsistent condom use. Interventions are informed by qualitative research
intervention undertaken by JHU/CCP and its partner CADRE. The study found high-risk behaviors driving
epidemic are determined by social norms and values that include male attitudes and behaviors, alcohol and
substance abuse; population mobility and gender dynamics including gender-based violence (GBV). In
hyper-endemic situations where HIV prevalence exceeds 15% there is need to engage people to heighten
perception of risk while providing them with tools to enable them to manage risk of HIV infection by taking
necessary actions to address risk behaviors. JHU/CCP uses a social-ecology approach to communication
that combines power of interpersonal communication with mass media to engage and mobilize individuals
around sexual behavior and risk perception to HIV infection and influence social networks, communities and
societies to create enabling environment that allows them to reduce risk of HIV infection. Each activity is
designed to contribute towards change in social norms, create social networks that support individual
change, build skills, and improve decision making leading to safer sexual behavior. ACTVITIES AND
EXPECTED RESULTS:ACTIVITY 1: Young People 12-14 The Valley Trust (TVT) and Lighthouse
Foundation (LF) will work with youth under 14 in primary and secondary schools to encourage DSD and
provide them with life skills to help reduce their risk to HIV infection. ACTIVITY 2: Mobilizing In- and Out-of-
School Youth 15-24Dance4Life (D4L), DramAIDE, TVT, Lesedi Lechabile (LL), LF and Community Health
Media Trust (CHMT) will work with youth in secondary schools using variety of approaches to train peer
educators who will establish HIV prevention, care and support clubs to act as entree to in-school youth.
Among youth under 14, the primary focus will be on DSD. Among youth over 14, the focus will be on
messages relating to MCP, ITS; correct and consistent condom use, male norms and behaviors, substance
and alcohol abuse, gender-based violence (GBV), risk perception and SD. TVT, LF and LL will undertake
interpersonal discussions, workshops and community events with out-of-school youth to heighten
perceptions of risk in relation to sexual partnerships and behaviors.DramAidE's Health Promoters work in 23
tertiary institutions and use group meetings, individual consultations, dorm visits, classroom instruction and
community events to increase perceptions of risk in relation to MCP, ITS, GBV, condom negotiation skills,
Activity Narrative: STIs, male norms and behaviors, SD, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and risks of substance and
alcohol abuse. ACTIVITY 3: Mobilizing Adult Men and Women 15-49Sonke Gender Justice (SGJ) supports
partners to integrate Men as Partners approach to mobilize men on responsible male behavior, substance
and alcohol abuse and reduction of GBV. SGJ, LF, LL and TVT will expand the number of men's clubs and
health services to mobilize men, communities and traditional structures around MCP, responsible male
behavior, substance and alcohol abuse and reduction of GBV.TVT, LF and Matchboxology (MB) will
mobilize adult men and women using door-to-door campaigns, taverns and taxi ranks, around MCP, ITS,
male norms and behaviors, SD, and risks of substance and alcohol abuse. LifeLine SA and TVT will support
workplace interventions and train PEs within small and medium enterprises and on farms. MB will work with
professional footballers and fan clubs. All workplace based interventions will increase perceptions of risk in
relation to MCP and ITS, GBV, SD, male norms and behaviors and alcohol consumption and sexual
behavior. TVT and LF will engage with traditional leaders and healers to mobilize them to address cultural
dimensions of MCP, GBV, SD, male norms and behaviors and alcohol consumption. TVT, LifeLine SA and
LF will work with FBOs through activities to promote partner limitation, GBV and SRH. Religious leaders will
be trained and provided with appropriate communication materials to guide them.Mindset Health Channel
(MHC) has a Healthcare Worker Channel (HCWs) and a Patient Channel in more than 400 public clinics.
The HCW Channel trains health workers and its public health channel sensitizes audiences on partner
reduction, GBV, substance and alcohol abuse. CHMT, will increase number of Treatment Literacy and
Prevention Practitioners to 92 (72 funded by PEPFAR and 20 by National Department of Health (NDOH)
and facilitate discussion among patients in general waiting rooms in MHC on topics relating to correct and
consistent condom use, GBV, substance and alcohol abuse, STIs and SRH. LF, TVT and Mothusimpilo will
work with CHMT and MHC to facilitate dialogues in clinics surrounding their areas. LL and Mothusimpilo use
PE and HCW in mining districts of North West and Free State to reach young women at risk, including sex
workers, through clinics, schools and community events to heighten risk perceptions on sexual partnerships
and behaviors that place them at risk of HIV infection including MCP, ITS, GBV, SD, male norms and
behaviors and risks of alcohol and substance abuse. Their programs are linked to local mining companies
who generally focus on male employees.Department of Correctional Services (DCS) will expand their
correctional facilities program from Limpopo and North West to include Gauteng and Northern Cape. DCS
uses TshaTsha TV drama series to train PEs to heighten awareness of risks pertaining to sexual
partnerships and behaviors that place them at risk of HIV infection. ACTIVITY 4: Mass Media Support for
Community MobilizationThe 2006 national communications survey found that 76.7% of people had at least
one television (TV) in their households. 60% watch TV every day and 60% listen to radio every day.
TshaTsha reached about 48% of population, while the treatment literacy program Siyanqoba - Beat It
reached 27% and community radio program Mind, Body Soul reached 6% of the population. TshaTsha is
used to facilitate discussions with people in schools, correctional facilities and community meetings around
issues of risk of HIV infection, ITS and MCP. However 16% of population was not reached by any media
interventions partly due to fragmentation of media environment in relation to audience preferences
influenced by socio-economic status and language. To address this, JHU/CCP will expand mass media
program to include new platforms such as cellular and internet technology and outdoor media that will
complement radio and TV outreach. All platforms will heighten awareness of risk among men aged 25-49
and young girls and women aged 15-24 in relation to sexual partnerships and behaviors including MCP, ITS
and male attitudes and behavior. ABC Ulwazi will produce a community radio talk show for 60 community
radio stations using local languages that are facilitated through listener associations. JHU has a public-
private partnership with SA Broadcasting Corporation to fund two TV programs supported by nine regional
SABC language radio programs and internet. A second season of TV drama Circles heighten perception of
risk to HIV infection through highlighting sexual partnerships and behaviors that place them at risk of HIV
infection including MCP and ITS. Trailblazers provide positive models. MB in partnership with SA
Professional Football Union and the Professional Soccer League will mobilize prominent SA football players
to provide messages through different mass media platforms to raise awareness of risk concerning MCP,
ITS, male behavior, GBV, alcohol and substance abuse, treatment of STIs, as part of build up to 2010
Football World Cup.A TBD outdoor media partner will work with JHU to develop messages for outdoor
media to heighten perceptions of risk in relation to sexual partnerships and behaviors that place people at
risk of HIV infection including MCP with low and inconsistent condom use. A TBD cellular telephone partner
will use short message services technology to address MCP, ITS, correct and consistent condom use, male
norms and behaviors and the risks of alcohol and substance abuse.
Continuing Activity: 13952
13952 2988.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $5,639,250
7532 2988.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $4,000,000
2988 2988.06 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 2656 328.06 $2,652,000
* Family Planning
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $710,000
Table 3.3.02:
In FY 2008, emphasis was placed on working with young women aged 15-24, however, research has
indicated the need to focus on young men and women as a target audience and to shift the focus audience
to 18-32 year olds in particular, as this is when most infections are occurring amongst young women, which
indicates the need for a focused intervention emphasizing partner limitation and correct and consistent
condom usage. The shift to focus on young people recognizes that the norms and attitudes that may place
young men at risk of infection later in their lives needs to be raised earlier so as to influence these norms
and values.
Turntable Trust works in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal to engage youth 15-24, young people 18-32 and
adult men on activities that will promote consistent and correct condom usage, highlight the risks associated
with transactional intergenerational sex and the linkages between alcohol consumption, sex and HIV.
Owing to changes at the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) as well as a change in emphasis in
programming by John's Hopkins University, it is not foreseen that any activities will take place with DCS in
FY 2009.
JHU has initiated the Scrutinize Campaign together with Matchboxology, its new partners Mediology and
CellLife, that aim to encourage young South Africans 18-32 years of age to assess their risk of HIV infection
and to encourage delaying sexual debut and partner reduction through use of the mass media including the
outdoor media and cellular technology. CellLife will support the mass media outreach of all communications
partners in South Africa with free short message service technology to promote consistent and correct
condom usage, increase risk perceptions in relation to transactional intergenerational sex and the linkages
between alcohol consumption and HIV infection.
ACTIVITIES AND EXPECTED RESULTS:
JHU will in FY 2009 scale up a new campaign to be initiated in FY 2008 targeting adult men on HIV
prevention using male celebrities, including footballers capitalizing on the 2010 Football World Cup to
promote consistent and correct condom usage, increase risk perceptions in relation to transactional
intergenerational sex and the linkages between alcohol consumption and HIV infection.
Trailblazers, which was co-produced with the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), has been
fully absorbed into the programming of SABC Education, which will enable these resources to be directed to
the further development of the Circles Drama Series, the Scrutinize Campaign and a new campaign to be
initiated in FY 2008 targeting adult men.
JHU has formed a strategic partnership with Health-E to support in-depth media reporting on the key drivers
of the epidemic in South Africa including looking at issues relating to correct and consistent condom usage,
transactional intergenerational sex and the linkage between alcohol, drugs, sex and HIV. Finally, the Wits
HIV and the Media Project will work to mobilize editors and journalists to focus on the key drivers of the
epidemic in particular around men, male behavior and multiple and concurrent partners.
--------------------------------
Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) and its 20 South African (SA)
partners are undertaking a concerted effort that utilizes a variety of communication channels, including
mass media and interpersonal community mobilization (CM). It aims at bringing about heightened urgency
of risk perception to HIV infection among the general population about sexual partnerships and behaviors
that place them at risk of HIV infection including multiple concurrent partners (MCP);
intergenerational/transactional sex (ITS); inconsistent and incorrect condom use; alcohol and substance
abuse; and gender and gender-based violence (GBV). The condom and other HIV prevention strategy is
guided by qualitative studies that investigated underlying behavioral causes of MCP and the 2006 SA
HIV/AIDS Communication Survey that investigated reach and impact of 19 mass media interventions on
HIV prevention.
Over the next four years partners will prioritize interventions focusing on men aged 25-49 and young girls
and women aged 15-24. Interventions will impact on key drivers of the epidemic and people's risk
perception about sexual partnerships and behaviors including prevalence of MCP; ITS and incorrect and
inconsistent condom use. All interventions are informed through study which found that high risk behaviors
driving epidemic are determined through social norms and values that include male attitudes and behaviors,
alcohol and substance abuse; population mobility and gender dynamics including GBV. JHU/CCP and its
partners combines a social-ecology approach to communication with power of interpersonal communication
with mass media (including radio, television (TV), outdoor and cellular technology) to engage and mobilize
individuals around sexual behavior and perception of risk to HIV infection and influence social networks and
communities to create an enabling environment that allows them to reduce risk to HIV infection. Activities
will contribute towards changes in social norms, create social networks that support individual change, build
skills, and improve decision making leading to safer sexual behavior (SB).
ACTIVITIES AND EXPECTED RESULTS
ACTIVITY 1: Mobilizing In- and Out-of-School Youth 15-24
Activity Narrative: Dance4Life (D4L), DramAidE, The Valley Trust (TVT), Lesedi Lechabile (LL), Lighthouse Foundation (LF)
and Community Health Media Trust (CHMT) will work with young people in secondary schools using variety
of approaches to train peer educators (PEs) to establish HIV prevention, care and support clubs to act as
entree to in-school youth. With youth over 14 messages relating to MCP, ITS, correct and consistent
condom use, male norms and behaviors, substance and alcohol abuse, GBV, risk perception, stigma and
discrimination (SD) will be given.
TVT, LF and LL will use interpersonal discussions, workshops and community events with out-of-school
youth to heighten their perceptions of risk about sexual partnerships and behavior including MCP, ITS,
correct and consistent condom use, male norms and behaviors, substance and alcohol abuse and GBV.
DramAidE's Health Promoters (HPs) work in 23 tertiary institutions. They use group meetings, individual
consultations, dorm visits, classroom instruction and community events to increase risk perceptions about
MCP, ITS, GBV, condom negotiation skills, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), male norms and
behaviors, SD, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and risks of substance and alcohol abuse.
ACTIVITY 2: Mobilizing Adults 15-49
Sonke Gender Justice (SGJ) supports partners to integrate Men as Partners approach into their work to
mobilize men around responsible male behavior, correct and consistent condom use, substance and
alcohol abuse and reduction of GBV.
Sonke Gender Justice, LF, LL and TVT will expand number of men's clubs and men's health services to
mobilize men, communities and traditional structures around responsible male behavior, correct and
consistent condom use, substance and alcohol abuse and reduction of GBV. They will expand number of
men's clubs in Mpumalanga, NW and NC provinces to mobilize men, their communities and traditional
structures.
TVT, LF and Matchboxology (MB) will undertake CM interventions to mobilize adult men and women
through door-to-door campaigns, taverns and taxi ranks, around MCP, ITS, correct and consistent condom
usage, prevention with positives (PwP), GBV, male norms and behaviors, SD, and risks of substance and
alcohol abuse.
LifeLine SA and TVT will support workplace interventions by training PEs within small and medium
enterprises and on farms to mobilize employers and employees. MB will work with professional footballers
and fan clubs. All workplace-based interventions will increase perceptions of risk about MCP and ITS,
correct and consistent condom use, GBV, SD, male norms and behaviors and alcohol consumption.
TVT and LF will undertake community conversations with traditional leaders and healers s to mobilize them
in addressing cultural dimensions of MCP, inconsistent and incorrect condom usage, PwP, GBV, SD, male
norms and behaviors and alcohol consumption.
TVT, LifeLine SA and LF will work with faith-based organizations (FBOs) through activities to promote
partner limitation, correct and consistent condom usage, GBV and SRH. Religious leaders will be trained
and provided with appropriate communication materials to guide them.
Mindset Health Channel (MHC) has a Healthcare Worker Channel (HCWs) and a Patient Channel in more
than 400 public clinics. Its HCW Channel trains health workers and its public health channel sensitizes
audiences on partner reduction, correct and consistent condom usage, GBV, substance and alcohol abuse,
STIs, and SRH.
Community Health Media Trust (CHMT), will increase number of Treatment Literacy and Prevention
Practitioners (TLPPs) to 92 (72 funded by PEPFAR and 20 by National Department of Health (NDOH) and
facilitate discussion among patients in general waiting rooms in MHC on topics relating to correct and
consistent condom usage, GBV, substance and alcohol abuse, STIs and SRH. LF, TVT and Mothusimpilo
will work with CHMT and Mindset to facilitate dialogues in clinics surrounding their areas.
DramAidE, CHMT and LF will mobilize support groups and community-based organizations of people living
with HIV, in areas where they are working around PwP and in particular addressing correct and consistent
condom use; MCP, alcohol and substance abuse, STIs. LL and Mothusimpilo use PE and HCW in mining
districts of North West (NW) and Free State (FS) to reach young women at risk, including sex workers, in
clinics, schools and communities to address correct and consistent condom use, risk perceptions, ITS,
GBV, stigma and discrimination, male norms and behaviors and risks of alcohol and substance abuse. Their
programs are linked to local mining companies who focus on male employees.
Department of Correctional Services (DCS) will expand its correctional facilities program from Limpopo and
North West Province to include Gauteng and Northern Cape. DCS uses Tsha Tsha TV drama series, to
train its PEs to promote correct and consistent condom usage, GBV, SRH including that relating to same
sex SB.
ACTIVITY 3: Mass Media Support for CM
2006 JHU/CCP national communications survey found that 76.7% of people had at least one television (TV)
in their households. 60% watch TV everyday and 60% listen to radio everyday. JHU/CCP supported drama,
Tsha Tsha reached 48% of population, treatment literacy program Siyanqoba - Beat It reached 27% and
community radio program Mind, Body Soul reached 6% of population. Tsha Tsha has been used to facilitate
discussions with people in schools, correctional facilities and community meetings around issues relating to
risk of HIV infection, ITS and multiple and concurrent partnerships. However 44% of population was not
reached by any of these due partly to fragmentation of media environment about audience preferences
influenced by socio-economic status and language. To address this issue, JHUCCP will expand its mass
Activity Narrative: media program to include new platforms such as cellular and internet technology and outdoor media that
complements radio and TV outreach work. All platforms will heighten awareness of risk among men aged
25-49 and young girls and women aged 15-24 about their sexual partnerships and behaviors including
MCP, low and inconsistent condom use and need for regular testing.
ABC Ulwazi will produce community radio talk show for 60 community radio stations using local languages
facilitated through listener associations.
JHU CCP has a public private partnership with SA Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) to fund two TV-
programs supported by nine regional SABC language radio programs and internet. A second season of TV
drama Circles will heighten peoples perception of risk to HIV infection by highlighting sexual partnerships
and behaviors that place people at risk of infection including MCP, and ITS.
MB in partnership with SA Professional Football Union and Professional Soccer League will mobilize
prominent SA football players to provide messages through different mass media platforms that emphasize
responsible male behavior including consistent and correct condom use, GBV, alcohol and substance
abuse, treatment of STIs, as part of build up to 2010 Football World Cup in SA.
A TBD outdoor media partner will work with JHU to develop messages for outdoor media to heighten
perceptions of risk about sexual partnerships and behaviors that place people at risk of HIV infection
including MCP with low and inconsistent condom use.
A TBD cell phone partner will use SMS technology to address MCP, ITS, correct and consistent condom
use, male norms and behaviors and risks of alcohol and substance abuse.
This activity contributes to reaching the 2-7-10 goals by training individuals to promote condom use and
other prevention messages and preventing 7 million new infections.
Continuing Activity: 13953
13953 2989.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $2,600,000
7533 2989.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $2,975,000
2989 2989.06 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 2656 328.06 $2,650,000
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $295,322
Table 3.3.03:
Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU) and its 20 South African (SA)
mass media and interpersonal community mobilization (CM). It aims to bring about heightened urgency of
risk perception to HIV infection among the general population about sexual partnerships and behaviors that
place them at risk of HIV infection including multiple concurrent partners (MCP); intergenerational/
transactional sex (ITS); inconsistent and incorrect condom use; alcohol and substance abuse; and gender
and gender-based violence (GBV). Low levels of male circumcision are a key factor in the spread of HIV. In
South Africa levels of circumcision in areas that traditionally circumcise are lower than previously thought.
Studies in Orange Farm and in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape have confirmed the risk reduction
benefits conferred by male circumcision. Using the social ecology framework JHU and its partners will work
with men and audiences that impact upon them including women, their peers, traditional and community
leaders to provide correct messaging on the risk reduction benefits conferred upon men by male
circumcision with a primary focus on interpersonal communication channels.
JHU prioritizes interventions focusing on men aged 25-49 and young girls and young people aged 18 - 32.
Interventions aim to impact on key drivers including low levels of male circumcision. JHU and its partners
use a social-ecology approach to communication that combines the power of interpersonal communication
individuals their social networks and communities to create an enabling environment that allows them to
reduce risk to HIV infection. In the area of Male Circumcision JHU has worked with UNAIDS, WHO and
UNICEF to develop communication guidelines on male circumcision for communication practitioners. The
activities that JHU will undertake in relation to male circumcision (MC) includes policy work around
developing and implementing strategic communication interventions for male circumcision, training,
outreach and message development that are integrated within broader HIV prevention and sexual and
reproductive health dialogues with men. Training will be undertaken using the UNAIDS/WHO Training
Manual on Safe Male Circumcision using local anesthesia, recommendations from the WHO-UNAIDS
Montreaux Meeting and the Communication Guidelines for Male Circumcision jointly developed by JHU
together with UNAIDS, UNICEF and WHO.
ACTIVITY 1: Interpersonal Communication
JHU will work with its partners to develop a communication toolkit that can be used by partners to facilitate
interpersonal communication efforts within community and traditional leadership structures around male
circumcision for the reduction of HIV risk. JHU will also develop a series of posters that combine messages
on male circumcision with messages that promote partner reduction and consistent condom usage.
Sonke Gender Justice, Lighthouse Foundation (LF), Life Line (LL), Footballers for Life (F4L), The Valley
Trust (TVT), Lesedi Lechabile, Mothusimpilo and TurnTable Trust (TTT) will integrate discussions within
their men's clubs on issues relating to male circumcision as part of their ongoing dialogues with men around
HIV prevention including partner reduction, correct and consistent condom usage and counseling and
testing.
LifeLine SA, TVT and Footballers for Life will support workplace interventions within small and medium
enterprises, farms and professional footballers clubs to engage with men around male circumcision, HIV
prevention including partner reduction, correct and consistent condom usage and counseling and testing. .
TVT, LF, Lesedi Lechabile, Mothusimpilo and Turn Table Trust will undertake community conversations with
traditional leaders and healers to mobilize them in addressing the cultural dimensions of male circumcision.
JHU will undertake qualitative research to examine men's attitudes and understanding of male circumcision
for the reduction of HIV risk. This study will inform the development of messages on male circumcision that
will be used by JHU for the reduction of HIV risk into its mass media
outputs including the Scrutinize Campaign targeting younger men, a new drama series Circles, and a new
campaign that will target adult men.
JHU will work with its partner Health-e and the Wits Media Project to promote informed media reporting
around Male Circumcision for the reduction of HIV risk. JHU will work in partnership with other
communicators including the government to ensure that there is consistency of messaging in relation to MC
for the reduction of HIV risk.
ACTIVITY 4: Capacity Building
Mindset Health will develop materials that will be used to build the capacity of health workers to address
male circumcision as a part of a broader package of men's HIV prevention, sexual and reproductive health.
JHU will provide training to it partners around the evidence concerning male circumcision for HIV prevention
and will develop a toolkit of key messages that can be used to guide conversations with men around the
issue of male circumcision in the context of men's sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention. JHU
will work with its partners in developing a toolkit for traditional leaders and practitioners on issues relating to
male circumcision.
New/Continuing Activity: New Activity
Continuing Activity:
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $22,500
Table 3.3.07:
Focus Area: The programmatic guidance issued by PEPFAR has included pre-treatment training, positive
living, prevention with positives and adherence under Palliative Care, which was previously reported under
treatment literacy. All partners in this programmatic area will now expand their programs to refer patients to
clinical and physical care; psychological care, spiritual and social and prevention with positives and positive
living.
Service delivery: Turntable Trust (TTT), based in KwaZulu-Natal, uses trained peer educators and
community caregivers to establish support groups, conduct community events and door-to-door visits to
provide support to people living with HIV. TTT uses the materials developed by Community Health Media
Trust (CHMT) to train caregivers to provide a range of palliative care and treatment literacy education.
Mass Media: Johns Hopkins University (JHU)'s new drama series, "Circles," will be in its second season.
JHU will integrate messages on living with HIV and opportunistic infections for the within its mass media
outputs. "Circles," will target men and the Scrutinize Campaign that targets young people aged 18 - 32 on
issues relating to HIV.
-----------------------
The Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP), coordinates the work of 20
epidemic in the general population through mass media and social mobilization. Three partners working
across South Africa will support efforts around palliative care. The target populations are: youth, adults,
people living with HIV (PLHIV), religious leaders, teachers, public health workers, and community, faith-
based and non-governmental organizations.
This is the second year that JHU/CCP will undertake strategies using community-based mobilization in
support of palliative care. Their approach recognizes the need to mobilize communities to provide care and
support for people living with HIV and their families throughout the continuum of illness. To achieve this,
medical practitioners and community-based organizations need to be capacitated so that they can respond
appropriately to the needs of patients.
ACTIVITY 1: Community Mobilization and Support for Palliative Care
Community Health Media Trust (CHMT), with PEPFAR funding, has developed a series of video and print
materials for people affected by and living with HIV, their caregivers and communities. PEPFAR funding
assists CHMT in the updating and community rollout of the series on palliative care including opportunistic
infections that will be used in group sessions and workshops. CHMT has 92 Treatment Literacy and
Prevention Practitioners (TLPPs), (72 funded by PEPFAR and 20 by the National Department of Health
(NDOH)), that train and mentor community-based organizations to use their treatment literacy materials and
provide training and counseling to organizations of PLHIV on palliative care. This intervention has received
National Department of Health (NDOH) accreditation. TLPPs also work with PLHIV within health care sites
to provide advice and guidance on palliative care that will be broadcast through Mindset's patient channel at
400 health facilities.
The Mindset Health Channel (MHC) provides direct information to health clinics, targeting patients in waiting
rooms with general information, and healthcare providers with technical and training information. To
broadcast current and accurate information on palliative care, JHU/CCP continues its collaboration with
MHC which, at the beginning of FY 2008, will be in more than 400 health facilities. Existing material will be
revised and updated, including treatment videos, web content and print materials in up to five languages for
healthcare workers at these sites. Materials developed through previous PEPFAR funding will be updated
as national guidelines and protocols change. CHMT TLPPs spend half their time with patients in ARV rollout
sites and downstream referral sites that have the MHC. Both Mindset and CHMT material have been
developed through public-private partnerships including business (MTN, Liberty Foundation and Sunday
Times) as well as assistance from government and parastatals (e.g. NDOH, SABC).
DramAidE utilizes Health Promoters In 23 Tertiary institutions in South Africa to provide information on
palliative care and support, including the treatment of opportunistic infections for tertiary students living with
HIV through the HIV support groups that they manage on tertiary campuses using the treatment literacy
series developed by CHMT.
The Valley Trust, working in KwaZulu-Natal, promotes and provides palliative care including clinical, social,
psychological care and prevention services to persons in need in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal through
its 15 mobile clinic sites and one fixed site. They train clinical personnel and peer educators in palliative
care using the treatment literacy series developed by CHMT that addresses the continuum of care and
support, including treatment for opportunistic infections as well as cotrimoxazole prophylaxis that will
support vulnerable women and mine workers.
Lesedi Lechabile and Mothusimpilo have 11 and 20 mobile clinics respectively, working in the mining areas
of the Free State and the North West provinces that provide palliative care to persons living with HIV
through their mobile clinic sites. They train their clinical personnel and peer educators in palliative care
using the treatment literacy series developed by CHMT that addresses the continuum of care and support
including treatment for opportunistic infections that will support vulnerable women and mine workers.
Activity Narrative: Lighthouse Foundation trains its Peer Educators and Community Facilitators to work in the 13 informal
settlements in the Madibeng District of the North West province to incorporate palliative care including the
treatment of opportunistic infections into their community outreach, comprising door to door campaigns and
their HIV support group based on the treatment literacy series developed by CHMT.
Continuing Activity: 13954
13954 12354.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $485,000
12354 12354.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $500,000
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $82,300
Table 3.3.08:
Lesedi Lechabile (LL) has explored the possibility of including treatment literacy mobilization activities. As
they are based within a wider primary health care setting, these services are already on offer from their
clinic. Further, Community Health Media Trust (CHMT) has established a provincial office in the town of
Welkom, where LL is based, and will provide treatment literacy to the communities served by LL.
Turntable Trust (TTT) works in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. TTT will use materials developed by
CHMT to provide pre-treatment and adherence counseling training to peer health educators and to
community care givers who in turn conduct community outreach events, door-to-door visits and support
group meetings.
John Hopkins University (JHU) will work with its partner Health-E to promote informed media reporting
around advancements in treatment.
JHU, together with its strategic partner the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), will produce the
second series of "Circles," a new drama targeted at the male market that explores the impact of HIV on
men, their spheres of influence and their attitudes across different generations.
------------------------------
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) coordinates the work of 20
South African partners and provides technical assistance and capacity building to mobilize and educate
communities and clinicians about ARV treatment. The focus is on pre-treatment literacy, adherence,
counseling, and training clinicians through distance learning. Target populations for this activity are adult
men and women (including pregnant women) living with HIV (PLHIV), discordant couples, volunteers, public
health workers, and community-based, faith-based and non-governmental organizations. The emphasis
areas for this activity are human capacity development, local organization capacity building and gender.
Findings from the National HIV and AIDS Communication Survey, carried out in early 2006, help focus on
community perceptions of treatment-related messages, their perceived needs for treatment literacy and the
amount of social capital invested in providing assistance in better understanding treatment and its uptake.
The survey provided a valuable baseline to further develop present communication interventions on
treatment.
The JHU/CCP initiatives are in their third year, following successful programming and ongoing partnerships
in providing pre-treatment training, adherence counseling and clinician training. Twelve of the 20 partners
that JHU/CCP works with across South Africa are engaged in supporting work relating to pre-treatment
training and adherence counseling for people living with HIV. This intervention mobilizes communities
around treatment literacy and builds community preparedness by reaching several million people. Mindset
uses its onsite access to clinicians to build their capacity to deliver ART services in line with national
protocols. Treatment literacy includes pre-treatment training and adherence messages for persons on
treatment, treatment support education for families and individuals supporting those on treatment, and ART
preparedness education for communities and individuals who anticipate initiating treatment. Other issues
covered include prevention with positives with emphasis on discordant couples.
ACTIVITY 1: Community Mobilization
Community mobilization activities are implemented by a variety of partners. Community Health Media Trust
(CHMT), with PEPFAR funding, has developed a series of video and print materials for people affected by
and living with HIV, their caregivers and communities. PEPFAR funding assists CHMT in the community
rollout of these materials through group sessions and workshops. CHMT has 92 Treatment Literacy and
(NDOH)), that train and mentor community-based organizations to use their treatment literacy materials to
provide pre-treatment training and adherence counseling to PLHIV. This intervention has received NDOH
accreditation. Treatment literacy practitioners also work with PLHIV on treatment literacy issues that are
broadcast through Mindset's patient channel at 400 health facilities.
The seven hours of treatment literacy videos developed by CHMT and Mindset for the public channel are a
major part of the support materials for the TLPPs (in addition to the materials developed previously by
CHMT). The materials also cover prevention with positives, male norms and behavior, and stigma and
discrimination.
The Valley Trust, as part of their rollout of antiretroviral treatment (ART), has a treatment literacy program
supported by the CHMT developed materials and their TLPPs. The Valley Trust also incorporates treatment
literacy into its workplace based program being undertaken in small and medium enterprises in several
communities in KwaZulu-Natal.
LifeLine works with small business associations as well as farmers and farm workers' associations in areas
surrounding one informal settlement in the Gauteng, Limpopo, Northern Cape, and Mpumalanga provinces,
to develop workplace programs, including prevention for positives, pre-treatment training and adherence
counseling. These programs focus on treatment preparedness and adherence for HIV-infected persons and
their treatment supporters (treatment buddies).
The Mindset Health Channel (MHC) provides information directly into health facilities, targeting patients in
waiting rooms with general information, and healthcare providers with technical and training information. To
broadcast current and accurate information on ARV treatment, JHU/CCP continues its collaboration with
MHC in more than 400 health facilities. Existing material will be revised and updated, including treatment
videos, web content and print materials in up to five languages for healthcare workers at these sites.
Activity Narrative: Materials developed through previous PEPFAR funding are also updated as national guidelines and
protocols change. CHMT treatment literacy practitioners spend half their time with patients in ARV rollout
and downstream referral sites that have the MHC.
Both Mindset and CHMT material have been developed through public-private partnerships including
business (MTN, Liberty Foundation and Sunday Times) as well as assistance from government and
parastatals (e.g. NDOH, and the national broadcaster, South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)).
DramAidE utilizes HIV-infected Health Promoters in 23 tertiary institutions in South Africa to undertake
treatment literacy, including pre-treatment training and adherence counseling for tertiary students living with
HIV, using the treatment literacy series developed by CHMT. They work closely with government treatment
sites to fast-track students to initiate treatment early on.
Lesedi Lechabile and Mothusimpilo train their peer educators in treatment literacy using the treatment
literacy series developed by CHMT that addresses pre-treatment training and adherence counseling,
targeting vulnerable women and mine workers in the mining districts of North West and the Free State
provinces.
settlements in the Madibeng district of the North West province. Training incorporates treatment literacy,
including pre-treatment training and adherence counseling, based on the treatment literacy series
developed by CHMT. These topics are included in their community outreach activities, comprising door to
door campaigns and HIV support groups.
Sonke Gender Justice undertakes treatment literacy, including pre-treatment training and adherence
counseling with people living with HIV in the areas surrounding the men's clubs that are to be expanded in
North West, Northern Cape and Limpopo provinces.
Matchboxology (MB), in partnership with the South African Professional Footballers Union and the
Professional Soccer League (PSL), provides treatment literacy training to football players who are living with
HIV including pre-treatment counseling and pre-adherence counseling. MB works closely with treatment
centers so that they can fast-track players to initiate treatment early on. Footballers will be mobilized to
promote treatment literacy in interaction with their supporters and as part of their social responsibility.
A partner, to be identified, will undertake treatment literacy, including prevention with positives, pre-
treatment training and adherence counseling in the areas of northern KwaZulu-Natal using the materials
developed by CHMT as part of their community outreach activities with people living with HIV.
ACTIVITY 2: Media Support for Community Mobilization
ABC Ulwazi produces a radio talk show series tailored to 60 community radio stations. Special emphasis is
on pre-treatment training and adherence counseling. Each episode ends with a summary and clear
messages on the topic discussed. Listeners' Associations formed by local citizens have facilitators' guides
to carry out community outreach interventions related to the series themes.
SABC continues the theme of treatment through two programs: Trailblazers, a 13 episode TV series
highlighting success stories including best practices in this area; and a second season of a 26 episode adult
TV drama series. Both TV programs are accompanied by radio talk shows (on 9 local language stations) as
well as web-based content. The storylines include a focus on treatment and prevention for positives.
JHU/CCP contributes towards meeting the vision outlined in the USG PEPFAR Task Force Five-Year
Strategy for South Africa by providing quality treatment literacy education to health providers, their patients
and communities. In addition JHU/CCP builds capacity of other organizations to utilize treatment literacy
materials to support work with people living with HIV on positive prevention and treatment literacy. By
training individuals to deliver quality ARV services and reaching South Africans with correct treatment
literacy messages, this activity contributes to the PEPFAR goal of putting two million HIV-infected people on
treatment. This activity also contributes towards achieving the National Strategic Plan of South Africa 2007 -
2011 target of ensuring that more than 80% of people living with HIV and their families are provided with an
appropriate package of treatment, care and support.
Continuing Activity: 13957
13957 3274.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $3,400,000
7536 3274.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $2,450,000
3274 3274.06 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 2656 328.06 $950,000
* TB
Table 3.3.09:
The Turntable Trust, based in KwaZulu-Natal province works with clinical staff, peer educators and
community outreach workers to undertake community outreach in schools, its youth center, at workplaces,
farms, health facilities and at community gatherings to promote TB/HIV literacy to the surrounding
communities as well as referrals to local community centers.
Lesedi Lechabile works within a wider primary health-care setting where TB/HIV services are already on
offer through their TB clinic and therefore will not expand into the area of TB/HIV as initially intended.
Trailblazers has been fully absorbed by the South African Broadcasting Corporation. Funding for
Trailblazers are being directed towards the production of a new drama series, Circles, which will highlight
the linkage between TB and HIV.
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs' new partner, Health-E, undertakes in-depth
media coverage on key issues affecting the health and wellbeing of South Africans and will continue to
report on issues relating to TB/HIV.
-----------------------------------------------
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP), coordinates the work of 20
communities and clinicians about the linkages between Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. The focus is TB literacy,
and training clinicians through distance learning. The target populations for this activity are adult men and
women (including pregnant women) living with HIV (PLHIV), discordant couples, volunteers, public health
workers, and community-based, faith-based and non-governmental organizations. The major emphasis
area will be human capacity development and other activities will include community mobilization,
information, education and communication and training. Findings from the 2008 National HIV and AIDS
Communication Survey will help focus TB interventions and assist in improving understanding regarding TB
and its treatment. The survey will provide a valuable baseline to further develop present communication
interventions on TB.
This is the first year that JHU/CCP will undertake community mobilization and mass media in support of
TB/HIV that builds upon the successful four year program and ongoing partnerships that have utilized
interpersonal communication and mass media in support of treatment literacy, adherence and clinician
training. Eight of the twenty partners that work with JHU/CCP will be engaged in work on TB/HIV including
the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), Mindset Health Channel (MHC), Community Health
and Media Trust (CHMT), LifeLine, The Valley Trust (TVT), DramAidE, Lesedi Lechabile, Mothusimpilo,
Lighthouse foundation and ABC Ulwazi. The work will be in coordination with other PEPFAR funded
partners such as URC's TB TASCII Project and the National Department of Health (NDOH) TB Sub-
Directorate. All these interventions seek to undertake public awareness and education around the dual
epidemics of TB/HIV using interpersonal communication interventions and mass media. The awareness and
educational programs will be reinforced within health care facilities through interventions that provide more
human input into the care and support of TB patients in their interactions with the public health system and
upon their return to their communities. One of the weaknesses of the current care package is that patients
are only provided with verbal guidance on how to access health care services and there is very little follow-
up once they leave the health care facility. All community outreach workers will provide step-by-step
assistance to each individual patient and walk them through the health system. By providing one-on-one
assistance this will ensure that patients do not "get lost" which enhances the probability of them receiving
adequate care and support including accessing treatment. The same outreach workers will do home and
community follow-up to ensure that patients are compliant with their treatment regimens. It is anticipated
that this will ensure better initiation completion rate of treatment rates among TB patients.
CHMT, with PEPFAR funding, has developed a series of video and print materials for people affected by
and living with HIV, their caregivers and communities that includes material on TB. PEPFAR funding assists
CHMT to revise and update the TB-HIV component of these materials. The materials are used in group
sessions and workshops facilitated by 92 Treatment Literacy and Prevention Practitioners (TLPPs) (72
funded by PEPFAR and 20 NDOH) within the TB and ART clinics where they encourage TB patients to be
tested for HIV and HIV patients to be screened for TB. The treatment literacy work of the TLPPs within
clinical settings task shifts the responsibility of the management of treatment literacy for patients living with
HIV from health practitioners thus freeing them up to provide to provide improved clinical services. TLPPs
provide capacity building and mentoring to local community-based organizations to use the treatment
literacy material in strengthening their support for people living with HIV. This intervention has received
National Department of Health (NDOH) approval.
The Mindset Health Channel (MHC) is a public-private partnership that provides information directly into
health clinics, targeting patients in waiting rooms with general information, and healthcare providers with
Activity Narrative: training and technical information. JHU/CCP continues its collaboration with MHC which, at the beginning of
FY 2008, will be in more than 400 health facilities. Existing material will be revised and updated, including
treatment videos, web content and print materials in up to five languages for healthcare workers at these
sites. CHMT treatment literacy practitioners spend half their time with patients in ARV rollout and
downstream referral sites that have the MHC.
Mindset uses its onsite access to clinicians to build their capacity to deliver quality TB services in line with
national protocols. This includes encouraging TB patients to be tested for HIV and for HIV patients to be
screened for TB, adherence messages for persons on treatment, treatment support education for families
and individuals supporting those on treatment. Other issues covered include prevention with positives with
emphasis on discordant couples. Information includes adherence for treatment.
Both Mindset and CHMT material have been developed through public-private partnerships including;
parastatals (e.g. NDOH, SABC).
community sensitization efforts among students on campuses using events such as World TB Day and
through their support groups of students living with HIV around the need to be screened for TB and
adherence to TB treatment.
Lesedi Lechabile and Mothusimpilo trains their peer educators working in mobile clinics and one static site
to provide counseling to vulnerable women, mine workers and people living with HIV on the need for TB
screening and treatment adherence in the mining districts of the Free State and North West Provinces.
They undertake community sensitization and mobilization around TB/HIV.
Lighthouse Foundation (LF) trains its peer educators and community facilitators to work in the 13 informal
settlements in the Madibeng District of the North West Province to undertake community sensitization
efforts using their door-to-door campaigns and community events. LF uses events such as World TB Day
and their support groups of students living with HIV to disseminate messages around the need to be
screened for TB and adherence to TB treatment.
ACTIVITY 2: Media support for community mobilization
emphasis is on treatment adherence and establishing support systems for those people who have TB. Each
episode ends with a summary and clear messages on the topic discussed.
highlighting success stories including best practices in this area; and a new 26 episode adult TV drama
series. Both TV programs are accompanied by radio talk shows (on 9 local language stations) as well as
web-based content. The storylines focus on TB and HIV treatment and prevention with positives.
JHU/CCP contributes substantially towards meeting the vision outlined in the USG PEPFAR Five-Year
Strategy for South Africa by ensuring that 1) all persons who are screened for TB are tested for HIV and
that all persons living with HIV are screened for TB; 2) that TB patients and patients living with HIV have
access to TB/HIV services; 3) implementing joint TB/HIV information, education and communication
activities. By training individuals to deliver quality TB/HIV services this activity contributes to the PEPFAR
goal of putting two million HIV-infected people on treatment. This activity also contributes towards the
objectives of the National Strategic Plan for South Africa through ensuring that 80% of people have access
to appropriate treatment, care and support services through the effective management of TB and HIV
coinfection.
Continuing Activity: 13964
13964 13964.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $970,000
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $77,000
Table 3.3.12:
ACTIVITY 1: Direct Support to OVC
The Turntable Trust (TTT), based in KwaZulu-Natal province in the Sisonke District, works with clinical staff,
work with OVC to provide direct support to OVC identified through the schooling system and other
community structures. TTT will train caregivers who will provide a package of direct support, including
psychosocial support, to identified OVC in the Sisonke District.
The Lighthouse Foundation (LF), working in the rural, underserviced area of Jericho, North West province,
will work with community facilitators to provide a package of care to identified OVC in the area. LH will train
community-based caregivers to provide a package of care to addressing the needs of identified OVC in the
area.
DramAidE will no longer provide direct OVC services, but will focus on building the capacity of identified
PEPFAR partners to deliver psychosocial support to OVC serviced by their programs. DramAidE will also
continue to work with community facilitators in KwaZulu-Natal province who will be trained to work in
communities to assist OVC to gain access to basic material needs and ongoing psychosocial support
activities.
The OVC program of the Anglican Church is being managed by another PEPFAR implementing partner.
-------------------------
The Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) will implement an orphans
and vulnerable children (OVC) intervention that builds networks of support around OVC, their caregivers
and educators. OVC will be assisted in accessing basic needs and psychosocial support. Proven
psychosocial models for supporting OVC will be used to build the capacity of organizations working with
OVC. The target populations for this program are OVC, people living with HIV, religious leaders, and
teachers and existing PEPFAR partners. The major emphasis area for the activity is local organization
capacity building.
This program is now in its third year and focuses on using tools developed in past years to work with
communities, caregivers and OVC to implement appropriate responses which address a range of OVC
needs, including physical, social and emotional issues. DramAidE, The Valley Trust and the Anglican
church have worked with schools, FBOs and CBOs to identify OVC, who have received needed services.
This partner's activities to date include community mobilization for the provision of psychosocial and direct
support for OVC in communities. Direct support includes; home visits to OVC to monitor their progress,
referrals to social workers, tribal authorities, assisting in applying for the waiving of school fees for OVC
through the Department of Education, referrals to the Department of Social Development and the
Department of Home affairs for Child Support, Foster Care and Child Dependency grants. Support has also
focused on collaboration with local police and other community organizations to promote child protection.
The Valley Trust (TVT) works in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal and identifies and trains caregivers within
local communities to provide direct care and support to OVC. This includes protection from abuse and
exploitation and working with school officials to identify and work with OVC who are trained as Peer
educators within the school settings. Peer Educators identify and work with other OVC on creating safe
spaces and providing psychosocial support that that uses group recreational activities including music,
drama and sports to decrease social isolation. Peer Educators also provide support to OVC for
bereavement and compiling and maintaining memory boxes.
DramAidE Community facilitators (CFs) are trained to work in communities to assist OVC to gain access to
basic material needs and ongoing psychosocial support activities. In addition to providing direct assistance
to OVC, CFs work with communities, FBOs, NGOs, educators and caregivers to lay the foundation for
community action in support of these OVC.
Through these activities DramAidE and TVT strengthen the capacity of the communities to be able to
respond to the needs of and to develop a culture of care, nurture and support for OVC.
ACTIVITY 2: Technical Assistance (TA) for PEPFAR OVC Partners on Psychosocial Support
DramAidE provides training and technical assistance on psychosocial support to other PEPFAR OVC
partners. Creative, interactive and culturally appropriate activities to reach OVC, such as drama, storytelling
and workshops are used to equip and enhance existing PEPFAR OVC programs in responding to the
psychosocial needs of OVC and include HIV prevention interventions for OVC which are age appropriate.
Educators and caregivers are trained and provided with on-going support in implementing these programs.
The meaningful participation of affected children, OVC and youth is critical to the success and sustainability
of any effective intervention targeting OVC. To this end, OVC are consulted regarding their needs and are
involved in developing local support networks.
ACTIVITY 3: Communication Training
Activity Narrative: JHU/CCP and PEPFAR partner Soul City work together to provide communication training to assist
caregivers in developing tools and skills which will enhance their ability to provide more effective and
efficient services. Interpersonal communication skills training will be conducted, and a core set of materials
adapted from media programs, along with facilitator guides, will also be produced and distributed as part of
this activity.
These activities will contribute towards meeting the vision outlined in the USG Five Year Strategy for South
Africa, by providing care for children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS through the expansion of
community capacity to deliver good quality care. In addition they increase OVC access to government
support systems, and strengthen linkages and referral systems to other social services such as health,
education and social welfare. The latter will be achieved through the establishment of child care forums with
all relevant stakeholders, including government departments that provide services to OVC; compilation of
directory of government and civil society services available for children and also through facilitation of
community conversations for OVC, pre-school practitioners, school governing bodies, community policing
forums, other stakeholders and youth caregivers to address stigma directed at OVC
JHU/CCP and its partners contribute towards the attainment of the National Strategic Plan target of
ensuring that 80% of people living with HIV and their families are provided with an appropriate package of
treatment, care and support through ensuring the effective implementation of policies and strategies that
mitigate the impact of HIV on orphans, vulnerable children and youth-headed households.
Continuing Activity: 13955
13955 2990.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $485,000
7534 2990.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $500,000
2990 2990.06 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 2656 328.06 $700,000
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $50,000
Table 3.3.13:
Interpersonal Communication:
Turntable Trust works in rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal with youth 15-24 and young people 18-32 and will
promote the uptake of counseling and testing (CT) services within workplaces and the local community.
Owing to changes at the Department of Correctional Services (DCS), as well as a change in emphasis in
programming by the John's Hopkins University Center for Communications Programs (JHU-CCP), it is not
foreseen that any activities will take place with the DCS in FY 2009.
Mass Media:
CellLife, that aims to encourage young South Africans 18 -32 to assess their risk of HIV infection and to
encourage counseling and testing as part of a broader message promoting delaying sexual debut and
partner reduction through use of the mass media including the outdoor media and cellular technology.
message service technology to promote consistent and correct condom usage, increase risk perceptions in
relation to transactional intergenerational sex and the linkages between alcohol consumption and HIV
infection. JHU will in FY 2009 scale up a new campaign to be initiated in FY 2008 targeting adult men on CT
using male celebrities, including footballers, capitalizing on the 2010 Football World Cup. Trailblazers,
which was co-produced with the South African Broadcast Corporation (SABC), has been fully absorbed into
the programming of SABC Education, which will enable these resources to be directed to the further
development of the Circles Drama Series, the Scrutinize Campaign and a new campaign to be initiated in
FY 2008 targeting adult men.
Training activities on voluntary counseling and testing are based on national guidelines by the Department
of Health, national, regional and international best practices on counseling and testing.
CT training will focus on routine CT offers and advanced CT skills such as couples, family and child
counseling.
---------------------------------
South African partners and provides technical assistance and capacity building to provide counseling and
testing (CT) using both mobile and fixed services through local NGOs and tertiary institutions. These
services will be promoted through the Mindset Health channel to both healthcare workers and patients. Key
areas of male norms and behaviors, partner limitation, correct and consistent condom usage, substance
and alcohol abuse, reducing violence and coercion and stigma and discrimination, form an integral part of
the CT interventions. The target populations for this activity are secondary school learners, university
students, patients in health care centers, celebrities and their fans, people living with HIV (PLHIV), out-of-
school youth, men who have sex with men (MSM), community leaders and healthcare providers. The major
emphasis areas are community mobilization and participation, and information, education and
communication, with additional emphasis on local capacity building across all activities. Findings from a
qualitative study on multiple concurrent partnerships and the National HIV and AIDS Communication
Survey, carried out in early 2006, will help focus on community perceptions of CT and help to determine
perceived needs in respect to CT communication interventions.
This is the fourth year that JHU/CCP has undertaken counseling and testing activities. Eighteen of the 20
partner organizations work across all nine provinces of South Africa utilizing mass media and interpersonal
communication strategies in a variety of social settings aimed at creating a broad national social movement
that promotes counseling and testing as part of the broader national HIV prevention, treatment and care
strategy. Testing is promoted through mobile clinics and fixed sites operated by four partners and in
partnership with the public health system and other partners such as New Start. Counseling addresses
issues related to male norms and behaviors, violence and coercion, stigma and discrimination, alcohol and
substance abuse, and correct and consistent condom usage. All organizations carry out prevention with
positive living activities as part of their post-test counseling with HIV-infected individuals.
ACTIVITY 1: Social Mobilization for Testing
DramAidE, The Valley Trust, Lesedi Lechabile, Mothusimpilo, and Matchboxology support and promote CT
services targeting men, women, youth and the broader community at 85 mobile and fixed testing sites.
DramAidE's HIV-infected Health Promoters (HPs) mobilizes tertiary students in 23 tertiary institutions across
South Africa to undergo CT. The Valley Trust (TVT), based in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), promotes CT through
community outreach and mobilization activities targeting adult men and women in the rural areas of
KwaZulu-Natal at its 15 mobile and one fixed CT site. TVT promotes CT with youth aged 14 years and older
through its school Anti-AIDS clubs, and among adult men and women through community events and
traditional ceremonies, workplaces, taverns and faith-based organizations.
Dance4Life promotes CT among youth older than 14 using dance, drama and drumming as part of their
prevention activities covering schools in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Free State
provinces. Lesedi Lechabile and Mothusimpilo promote CT through activities undertaken at their mobile and
fixed sites to vulnerable women, youth and men in the mining areas of the Free State and the North West.
LifeLine promotes CT with workers in small and medium enterprises and farm workers in informal
Activity Narrative: settlements/rural areas in Gauteng, Free State, Northern Cape, Limpopo and Mpumalanga. This activity is
undertaken in partnership with the Small Business Association, farm owners and farm workers' unions.
Lighthouse, working in 13 informal settlements in the Madibeng District of the North West province,
promotes CT through its school Anti-AIDS club activities. The project encourages adult men, women and
out-of-school youth to undergo CT through their door-to-door campaigns and at community events,
traditional ceremonies, and gathering places like taverns and taxi ranks.
Matchboxology (MB) in partnership with the South African Professional Footballers Union (SAPFU) and the
Premier Soccer League (PSL) places 16 wellness coaches in 16 Premier Soccer League Clubs to mobilize
professional footballers and their fans to undergo CT. MB is a private sector firm that is responsible for the
Levis Red for Life Campaign that mobilizes celebrities around HIV.
Sonke Gender Justice (SGJ) will expand the number of men's clubs in Mpumalanga, North West and
Northern Cape to mobilize men participating in their male clubs to undergo CT. SGJ receives funding from
the Western Cape provincial government, the National Office on the Status of Women, a independent
foundations and United Nations agencies.
The PEPFAR partner, Department of Correctional Services (DCS), will expand their program from the
Limpopo and North West provinces to include Gauteng and the Northern Cape. The program with DCS
uses the TshaTsha TV drama series, to train their peer educators (PEs) to promote CT.
A "to be determined" (TBD) faith-based organization (FBO) will work with faith-based leaders to promote CT
to their communities.
A TBD partner will work with the indigenous communities living in the Northern Cape (the San and the Khoi)
to to promote CT as part of a broader effort to promote HIV prevention amongst this community.
A TBD partner will work with men who have sex with men (MSM), including male sex workers, to mobilize
this community to increase HIV prevention efforts including CT as part of a broader HIV prevention effort
targeting MSM in South Africa.
A TBD partner will work with cellular telephone providers in South Africa to utilize cellular technology to
encourage celebrities and other key personalities, through SMS technology, to participate in cellular and on-
line chat forums to promote CT.
ACTIVITY 2: Promoting CT in Health Centers
The Mindset Health Channel (MHC) broadcasts information to 400 health clinics. Patients in waiting rooms
are targeted with information on CT and HIV. The channel provides training and technical information to
healthcare workers (HCWs) using a multimedia approach that combines video, print and computer-based
interactive multimedia. Training on current CT guidelines (including strong linkages to HIV care and
services) are included. Mindset will also develop a video on provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC).
The video will inform patients that the facility has a PITC policy and that the provider will test them for HIV
unless the patient refuses.
Community Health Media Trust (CHMT) works with MHC and with other community-based organizations
through its 92 Treatment Literacy and Prevention Practitioners (TLPPs). Seventy-two TLPPs are funded by
PEPFAR and 20 by the National Department of Health (NDOH). All TLPPs encourage CT in health centers
as an entry point into treatment while reinforcing HIV prevention to those who test negative.
ACTIVITY 3: Mass Media in Support of Community Mobilization
ABC Ulwazi produces a radio talk show series tailored to 60 different community radio stations with a
special emphasis on voluntary counseling and testing. Listeners' Associations formed by local citizens have
facilitators' guides to carry out community outreach interventions that mobilize local communities around
voluntary counseling and testing and encourage them to know their HIV status.
The South African Broadcasting Corporation plays a key support role by co-funding two TV programs with
radio (nine local language stations) and by providing web support. Trailblazers, a community health show,
will air 13 episodes highlighting individuals that provide models of positive behaviors for others to emulate.
A second season of a 26-episode TV drama deals with contextual issues relating to social and cultural
norms that inhibit and/or support positive male norms and behaviors, including positive examples that
promote counseling and testing and living positively. Radio talk shows follow both programs, providing
additional information and stimulating community participation.
MB and the South African Football Players' Union (SAFPU) and the Premier Soccer League (PSL) will
mobilize South African football players to be positive role models and to undergo public counseling and HIV
testing. Players will be encourage to promote messages relating to counseling and testing through in the
build up to the 2010 Football World Cup in South Africa.
JHU/CCP's work supports the vision outlined in the USG Five-Year Strategy for South Africa for expanding
CT services. CT is a critical entry point into an entire range of HIV services, including identifying HIV-
infected individuals for ART. These activities substantially contribute to the PEPFAR goal of providing 2
million people with treatment and averting 7 million new HIV infections. It also supports the HIV & AIDS and
STI Strategic Plan for South Africa's priority of establishing a national culture in which all people in South
Africa regularly seek voluntary counseling and testing. Establishing regular CT as a norm will contribute
towards reducing the number of HIV infections by 50% by 2011 and ensure that 80% of people living with
and affected by HIV have access to appropriate care and support and treatment.
Continuing Activity: 13956
13956 2991.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $1,697,500
7535 2991.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $1,200,000
2991 2991.06 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 2656 328.06 $968,000
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $64,800
Table 3.3.14:
All three of the FY 2008 activities will continue into the FY 2009 funding cycle. There are a few changes to
the specifics of these program area implementation:
ACTIVITY 1: Strategic Partner Evaluations
These partner evaluation activities will be extended to include the following partner organizations:
- A formative evaluation will be undertaken of the John Hopkins University (JHU) new partner The Turntable
Trust (TTT) to examine the expectations of the community to enhance and improve program implementation
and efficacy.
- Footballers4Life is a project that is coordinated through Matchboxlogy. This evaluation will aim to asses
the extent to which the use of former footballers within club settings is meeting the needs of professional
footballers and their fan clubs.
- The Lighthouse Foundation will conduct a comprehensive outcome evaluation of the program to explore
its impact on the community that it is servicing.
- Cell-Life is a Cape Town-based not-for-profit section 21 company which develops and implements open
source technical systems to support the fight against HIV and AIDS. This evaluation will measure the impact
that cellular communications is having on prevention, care and support and treatment.
ACTIVITY 2: Dissemination Workshops
Within FY 2008, the ground work and analysis for Second National HIV and AIDS Communications Survey
will be completed. This analysis will be extended to include the provincial analyses of findings. These
reports will be disseminated to the various provincial departments through capacity building workshops that
will aim to build the capacity of provincial governments in undertaking evidence-based interventions.
Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) coordinates the work of 20
South African partners and provides technical assistance and capacity building in communication activities
to prevent HIV, provide care and support, and increase treatment adherence and support. JHU/CCP also
undertakes program evaluation that aims to ensure that all communication activities undertaken by
JHU/CCP are responsive to emerging issues and the changing dynamics of the epidemic within the South
African context. The National HIV and AIDS Communication Survey, carried out in early 2006, serves as a
baseline for comparing overall PEPFAR and South African government (SAG) communication goals and
objectives with a follow-up survey planned for 2008.
JHU/CCP led the undertaking of the National HIV and AIDS Communication Survey in 2006 in partnership
with the National Department of Health (NDOH) through Khomanani, Soul City, Health and Development
Africa (HDA) and the Centre for AIDS Research and Evaluation (CADRE). The key objectives of this survey
were to develop an understanding of the overall HIV and AIDS communication environment; understand
communication gaps to inform future communication interventions; and determine the reach and
complementarities of national communication campaigns and their contribution to individual level
responses. This survey found that 87% of all South Africans were reached with messages dedicated to HIV
prevention and living with HIV and AIDS by means of television and radio programs.
In response to the identification of multiple concurrent partnerships as a risky behavior that fuels the
epidemic, JHU/CCP undertook a small qualitative study that aimed to unpack the underlying reasons for
multiple concurrent partnerships within a hyper-endemic scenario and the manner in which communication
can be mobilized to bring about behavioral and social changes. JHU/CCP provides technical support to its
partners to undertake programmatic evaluations that enable partners to align their activities to the needs of
the communities so that it is responsive to behavioral risk factors and key drivers of the epidemic within
communities. This ensures that programs are evidence-based and continually respond to the changing
nature of the epidemic.
In line with the HIV & AIDS and STI Strategic Plan for South Africa, 2007-2011 (NSP), all project activities
should be evaluated so that they are responsive to the needs of the communities that they service.
JHU/CCP works with all 20 partners to evaluate their programs in consultation with evaluation experts that
at the same time provides these organizations with the necessary skills and capacity to undertake their own
strategic information activities as part of their ongoing project design and implementation.
In particular JHU/CCP supports the Community Health Media Trust (CHMT) to undertake an evaluation of
the impact of their Treatment Literacy and Prevention Practitioners (TLPPs) in providing care and support to
people living with HIV within public health clinics and the extent to which this task shifting contributes
towards improved care and support for patients living with HIV and non-HIV patients as well as investigate
their impact on prevention behaviors. The findings of this study will be used to engage national and
provincial health authorities on the manner in TLPPs can be used to task shift from health care workers and
Activity Narrative: provide optimal support to people living with HIV.
DramAidE employs young people living with HIV to act as Health Promoters on the campuses of tertiary
academic institutions. The study will examine the extent to which these Health Promoters have impacted on
the health and wellbeing of students and on the overall HIV policy and program being undertaken in tertiary
institutions. This study will be used to advocate with tertiary institutions for the integration of Health
Promoters as an integral component of their response to HIV.
HU/CCP will undertake the second National HIV and AIDS Communication Survey in follow-up to the first
survey in conducted in 2006. This survey will provide in-depth information about the communication
environment in South Africa as well as estimates of the separate and joint impact of various communication
interventions. The results of the study will be used to measure progress on program goals and to inform
future strategic planning for communication activities. In FY 2008, the main focus will be on the
dissemination of the findings through a series of workshops to more than 300 key policy and decision
makers throughout the country. The purpose of these workshops is to build national and local consensus on
the impact of communication interventions on HIV prevention, care and support, what has been achieved
through communication interventions and which program areas interventions need to be strengthened. In
addition, the findings from the 2008 survey will be compared to those from the 2006 survey to assess
changes in norms and behavior and the impact of various communication interventions.
Findings from the survey and discussion and processing of the findings in the dissemination workshops are,
taken together, effective ways to incorporate the role of most-at-risk populations and other populations that
contribute to the variation in the HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa. This is specifically where the tick
boxes in the tables on the following pages are relevant.
This activity will assist in making communication interventions across the different program areas more
effective by providing key data for decision making. This will contribute to the overall global PEPFAR goal of
averting 7 million new infections.
ACTIVITY 3: Capacity Building for Strategic Information
JHU/CCP partners will work with the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Centre for Cultural and Media Studies to
build the capacity of young South Africans in designing, implementing and monitoring strategic
communication interventions. This program capacitates students to undertake research that examines the
impact of communication interventions in relation to international standards.
A media partner (partner to be determined) will work with South African media institutions including
journalists and editors to build their capacity in understanding, analyzing and reporting on HIV and AIDS
strategic information to improve media reporting on the state of the epidemic in South Africa.
Continuing Activity: 13958
29872 29872.08 HHS/Centers for Safe Blood for 8517 8517.08 Safe Blood For $150,000
Disease Control & Africa Foundation Africa
Prevention
13958 2987.08 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 6668 328.08 $776,000
7531 2987.07 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 4455 328.07 $400,000
2987 2987.06 U.S. Agency for Johns Hopkins 2656 328.06 $0
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $67,500
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Education $360,500
Table 3.3.17:
Johns Hopkins University (JHU) coordinates the work of 20 South African partners that cover a total of 11
PEPFAR program areas through providing technical assistance and building capacity. JHU's support for the
HIV & AIDS and STI Strategic Plan for South Africa 2007-2011 (NSP) includes in-service healthcare worker
(HCW) training and skill building, along with accreditation by the National Department of Health (NDOH) for
HCW promotions and advancement. Instructional technology via satellite and computers is utilized with
provincial healthcare workers. Other activities include supporting Health Promoters at tertiary institutions
(TIs) working on stigma reduction as well as Treatment Literacy and Prevention Practitioners (TLPPs)
working in government clinics as advocates for a comprehensive treatment, care and support program
within communities.
Mindset Health
The Mindset Health Care Workers (HCW) channel has an MOU with the NDOH (a founding member) along
with several provincial Health Departments. The MOU calls for the installation of the hardware and provision
of software so HCWs are enabled to access the latest information 24 hours per day, upgrade their skills and
test their knowledge for promotions and accreditation. Mindset also works with the PEPFAR partner
Foundation for Professional Development and uses their materials (and vice versa) on the HCW channel.
DramAidE
The Health Promoters (HPs) project is entering its 6th year with PEPFAR funding. The HPs are HIV-
infected young men and women living openly on 24 TI campuses. They work closely with the TIs'
healthcare system and Peer Educators (PEs) program. Over the last few years several of the better
resourced TIs have picked up the salary and benefit costs of the HPs. The HPs will continue to work on the
high profile media project, SCRUTINIZE, and train peer educators on how to use support materials and to
translate messages into the different national languages. They also work on stigma reduction, gender-
based violence (GBV), and men's participation in HIV programs including voluntary counseling and testing
(VCT).
Community Health Media Trust (CHMT)
CHMT is an activist organization that works with the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) on treatment, care,
support and prevention programs. CHMT trains both JHU partners and other community organizations on
developing local plans and policies related to GBV, treatment rights, and stigma reduction. CHMT is a
unique communication organization that is directly linked to the leading activist organization in South Africa,
TAC, and has worked closely in helping to formulate policies with the national and provincial governments
leading to programs supporting the PEPFAR 2-7-10 goals.
Wits University
Wits media project has articulated the media's role in articulating issues and policies that have both helped
and hindered HIV programs in the country. A responsible, dedicated press is necessary for an informed
citizenry and policy makers on HIV. JHU support to local and national HIV communication programs has
helped to move from an events focus to a strategy driven program.
John's Hopkins University South African Staff
The NDOH's Khomanani campaign receives on-going technical assistance from local JHU staff. Both the
contractors and NDOH staff attend workshops and receive other capacity building support from JHU that
includes how to conduct large and small scale research interventions, management of research
organizations, data utilization for strategic planning and program implementation.
Johns Hopkins University will carry out five separate activities in this program area.
ACTIVITY 1: Mindset Health
In FY 2009 twenty hours of new video material will be developed along with print and web-based support
materials under this COP. The materials will be available to other PEPFAR partners, both those working
with JHU and other organizations.
ACTIVITY 2: DramAidE
DramAidE activities include 1) training of PEs on 24 campuses on stigma reduction, GBV and male
participation, 2) conducting post-test counseling, 3) establishment of HIV organizations on campuses of
people infected and affected by HIV, 4) conducting community outreach programs that build capacity in
local schools and communities that interact with their local TIs to mutually support policy development on
GBV, stigma and treatment that reflect local community needs and values.
ACTIVITY 3: Community Health Media Trust
In FY 2009, CHMT will provide assistance to 25 organizations within the provinces as well as work with 4
provincial governments in the above program areas. They will facilitate discussions between communities
and the local health care and judicial systems.
ACTIVITY 4: Wits University
The Wits Journalism program and the Perinatal HIV/AIDS Research Unit (PHRU) of Wits will continue
working with the print media, journalists and editors, to engage them in professionally reporting on key
HIV/AIDS issues. In-depth, comprehensive and non-sensational coverage of key issues (including GBV,
Activity Narrative: treatment rights, stigma, etc.) plus strong investigative reporting is essential to creating an informed public
and to enabling key decision-makers to make fact-based policies. This intervention will include a minimum
of three dissemination events, workshops with journalists and editors as well as two special reports by
professional journalists (broadcast and/or print).
ACTIVITY 5: Technical Assistance Provision from John's Hopkins University South Africa Staff
Local JHU staff will continue providing technical assistance to the NDOH and provincial health departments
in strategic communication.
All of these activities work to strengthen the public sector and civil society's capacity in prevention,
treatment, care and support. By providing HCWs in over 250 hospitals and clinics throughout the country
with up-to-date information twenty-four hours per day that is aligned with the local needs of the staff, the
HCWs are better able to respond to the public's needs. With over 1 million students, faculty and staff at the
TIs throughout the country, the HPs are uniquely equipped to provide information that builds institutional
capability to respond to their constituencies.
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $200,000
Table 3.3.18:
